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問題 #189
Security Levels (SLs) are broken down into which three types?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
答案：D
解題說明：
Security Levels (SLs) are a way of expressing the security performance of an industrial automation and control system (IACS) or its components. SLs are broken down into three types: target, capability, and achieved1.
* Target SL is the level of security performance that is required for a system or component to protect against a specific threat scenario. The target SL is determined by conducting a risk assessment that considers the likelihood and impact of potential security incidents1.
* Capability SL is the level of security performance that a system or component can provide based on its design and implementation. The capability SL is determined by evaluating the security functions and features of the system or component against a set of security requirements1.
* Achieved SL is the level of security performance that a system or component actually provides in its operational environment. The achieved SL is determined by verifying that the system or component is properly installed, configured, maintained, and monitored1.
References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 3-4.
問題 #190
Under User Access Control (SP Element 6), which of the following is included in USER 1 - Identification and Authentication?
答案：D
解題說明：
SP Element 6 in ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 covers User Access Control. Within this, USER 1 - Identification and Authentication includes controls such as:
Unique user identification
Password and credential management
Authentication mechanisms
"USER 1 defines policies for individual user identification and password protection to enforce accountability and prevent unauthorized access."
- ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Clause 4.3.4 - SP Element 6
"Password protection" is a core component of this control, while other options (like incident handling or backup) fall under different SP elements.
References:
ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - SP Element 6, USER 1
ISA/IEC 62443-1-1 - Definitions of authentication and access control
問題 #191
Which of the following PRIMARILY determines access privileges for user accounts?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
答案：B
解題說明：
Authorization security policy is the primary factor that determines access privileges for user accounts. Authorization security policy is the function of specifying access rights or privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular1.
Authorization security policy defines who can access what resources, under what conditions, and for what purposes. Authorization security policy should be aligned with the business objectives and security requirements of the organization, and should be enforced by appropriate mechanisms and controls. Authorization security policy should also be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the environment, threats, and risks2. Authorization security policy is an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 standard, which provides a framework for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The standard defines four security levels (SL) that represent the degree of protection against threats, and specifies the security capabilities that should be implemented for each SL. The standard also provides guidance on how to conduct a security risk assessment, how to define security zones and conduits, and how to apply security policies and procedures to the IACS environment34 . References: https://bing.com/search?
q=authorization+security+policy
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authorization/policies?view=aspnetcore-7.0
問題 #192
Which is a commonly used protocol for managing secure data transmission on the Internet?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
答案：B,C
解題說明：
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are both commonly used protocols for managing secure data transmission on the Internet. DTLS is a variant of SSL that is designed to work over datagram protocols such as UDP, which are used for real-time applications such as voice and video. SSL is a protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data transmitted over TCP, which is used for reliable and ordered delivery of data. Both DTLS and SSL use certificates and asymmetric cryptography to establish a secure session between the communicating parties, and then use symmetric cryptography to encrypt the data exchanged. DTLS and SSL are widely used in web browsers, email clients, VPNs, and other applications that require secure communication over the Internet. References:
ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, Module 3: Introduction to Cryptography, pages 3-5 to 3-7 Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, Chapter 6: Securing Communications, pages 125-126
問題 #193
Which U.S. Department is responsible for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)?
答案：A
解題說明：
The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program is overseen and enforced by the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This program is designed to identify and regulate high-risk chemical facilities to ensure they have security measures in place to reduce the risk associated with hazardous chemicals, including risks posed by cyber threats.
Reference: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Official CFATS Documentation; ISA/IEC 62443-
2-1:2009, Section 4.2.6 (Reference to U.S. regulations).
問題 #194
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